Melanoma
Melanoma is a rare form of skin cancer that, as it progresses, is one of the most dangerous. When melanoma has spread, it becomes extremely challenging to treat. Numerous factors, including family history, pale skin, and overexposure to the sun, promote skin cancer.
Melanoma is caused by the mutation of pigment-producing cells called melanocytes, which then begin to divide uncontrollably. Melanocytes are the skin cells found in the epidermis; they generate the pigment melanin that colors the skin. The two forms of melanin are eumelanin and pheomelanin.
The sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays cause skin injury that stimulates melanocytes to produce melanin. Only the pigment eumelanin protects the epidermis by increasing its color. Melanoma is caused by UV radiation-induced DNA damage caused by burning or tanning, which leads to uncontrolled cell proliferation.
Melanoma can develop anywhere on the skin; however, men are more likely to develop it on their torso and back, whereas women are more likely to develop it on their legs. Additionally, the face, eyes, and very infrequently the intestine are common sites. In 2019, an estimated 96,480 new cases of melanoma are expected in the United States.
Melanoma comes in a variety of sizes, shapes, and hues, making it dangerous. Early detection of melanoma is crucial because it is treatable if detected early.
There are four distinct forms of melanoma, which are:
This is the most prevalent form of melanoma, and it typically manifests on the trunk or limbs. Melanoma cells develop gradually and spread across the skin’s surface.
Nodular Melanoma – This form of melanoma is extremely common and manifests on the trunk, neck, and head. It grows faster than other species and can be reddish or blue-black in color.
Malignant leucoderma This form of melanoma develops in adults on sun-exposed areas of the body, including the face. This form of melanoma begins as a spot and grows slowly and less dangerously than other types.
Acral Lentiginous Melanoma – This is a less common variety for white people, while the most common type occurs on the hands, under the nails, and on the soles of the feet of people of color. Some dark-skinned individuals do not develop melanoma, but this cancer is common in dark-skinned individuals.
