Complications that Ocular Migraine Can Cause
Ocular migraine is typically caused by spasm in the brain or retinal blood vessels, resulting in vision loss. Vision is restored within a couple of hours, but protracted vision loss can lead to complications. Although there is a small risk of permanent vision loss in patients with ocular migraine, consulting a physician can help prevent the condition from worsening. (7)
occlusion of a retinal artery branch
Untreated ocular migraine can lead to Branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO). Frequently, when the blood flow in the retina is obstructed by inflammation and vasoconstriction, this protracted lack of blood flow can lead to the death of retinal cells and permanent vision loss. Reducing alcohol consumption, quitting smoking, and averting hypertension can prevent BRAO. Recovery is likely in cases of branch retinal artery occlusion.
Vitreous hematoma
A prevalent eye disorder, vitreous haemorrhage is characterised by the presence of blood in the vitreous fluid. The vitreous is a transparent, gelatinous substance located at the rear of the eye. This vitreous is composed of 99% water, hyaluronic acid, and collagen. The vitreous haemorrhage occurs when blood begins to seep from blood vessels due to a weakened vein or elevated blood pressure. The retina and other vessels line the vitreous, so any blood leakage can impair vision.
Acute ischemic stroke
According to the American Stroke Association, the risk of stroke is three times greater for individuals who frequently experience ocular migraine. Stroke of the brain is among the primary causes of death. This occurs when one of the main arteries in the brain becomes blocked and the blood supply is cut off. Ischemic strokes account for 87% of all ischemic strokes. In the absence of prompt treatment, ischemic stroke can also result in mortality. However, this does not imply that every individual diagnosed with ocular migraine is experiencing a stroke, as strokes are extremely uncommon and often accompany a disability.
A retinal infarct
Due to vasospasm and inflammation in the arteries, the blood is unable to reach the retina, causing retinal infarction. Without adequate blood supply, cells begin to perish. This retinal infarction is comparable to a stroke of the eye. Patients with elevated blood pressure, diabetes, and ocular migraine have an increased risk of retinal infarction. This retinal infarction can result in the loss of vision in one eye.
Central retinal blood vessel occlusion
The ophthalmic artery is the main blood vessel supplying the eye. The retina is responsible for vision, so cutting off its blood supply can cause severe damage to the eyesight. People afflicted with ocular migraine are perpetually confronted with the problem of artery obstruction due to vasoconstriction. The effects of protracted hypo-perfusion may be irreversible. The most effective method for the early diagnosis of CRAO is to consult physicians.
