Diagnosis for Osteopenia
Osteopenia is typically devoid of signs and symptoms. This makes diagnosis difficult prior to undergoing a mineral density test. The National Osteoporosis Foundation recommends the test if any of the following apply to you:
If you are a woman who has been experiencing menopause for less than 65 years and you also have other risk factors that increase your risk of osteopenia, you are at increased risk for the condition.
Also, if you are a woman who has reached menopause and have an increased risk for bone fractures due to the presence of other risk factors, you are older than 65 and have risk factors.
If you are a postmenopausal woman 50 or older, you will experience bone fractures (called fragility fractures) after 50 years without significant trauma.
The examination is quick and uncomplicated. Utilizing X-rays, it determines the thickness or density of your bones. Occasionally, the first sign of weakening bones is a fracture. The majority of individuals have one or more vertebral fractures without being aware of it. (4)
Consult a doctor or general practitioner if you are experiencing the following symptoms of a spinal fracture:
Reduced height
sudden, severe back ache
Back discomfort when rotating or bending
Having a stooped or curved vertebrae shape.
Back discomfort that worsens while walking or standing, but improves when lying down.
The National Osteoporosis Foundation recommends getting a BMD exam. Your physician may recommend that you undergo a BMD test for another purpose. Approximately one-third of Asian and white men over the age of 50 have insufficient bone density.
DEXA scan
DXA or DEXA, also known as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, is the most common method for estimating BMD. Also known as a bone mineral density examination. It employs X-rays that emit less radiation than conventional X-rays. This examination is painless. DEXA predominantly measures bone density in the hip, spine, finger, wrist, heel, and leg. DEXA compares bone density to that of a 30-year-old individual of the same race and gender. Your physician may use the T-score produced by a DEXA to make a diagnosis.
If your T-score indicates that you have osteopenia, your FRAX score may be included in your DEXA report. If that does not suffice, your physician may calculate it. The FRAX tool utilizes your bone density and other risk factors to calculate your 10-year risk of fracturing your vertebra, hip, shoulder, or forearm. Your physician may also use your FRAX score to help make decisions regarding osteopenia treatment. In order to diagnose insufficient bone mineral density, a physician will:
Arrange for a physical exam
Ask about your family’s medical history, particularly osteopenia and osteoporosis
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